ABSTRACT
Kinetin (Kn) is a cytokinin growth factor that exerts several anti-aging and antioxidant effects on cells and organs. To investigate the mechanism underlying apoptotic events in aging cells induced by D-galactose (D-gal), we examined the effect of Kn delivered via nuchal subcutaneous injection on D-gal-induced aging and apoptosis in rats. Our results showed that interleukin (IL)-2 levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) were decreased by Kn in aging rats while IL-6 production and apoptosis increased. In addition, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was low while that of Bax was high in the aging group. After treated with Kn, compared with aging group, there showed obvious difference in Kn group with elevated IL-2, proliferation index, Bcl-2, DeltaPsim and decreased IL-6 and Bax in splenic lymphocyte. Based on these results, we concluded that Kn can effectively protect the rat spleen from aging, apoptosis, and atrophy.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Aging/drug effects , Apoptosis/drug effects , Galactose/pharmacology , Interleukin-6/physiology , Interleukins/physiology , Kinetin/pharmacology , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects , Spleen/cytologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare an O/W ginseng saponins-based nanoemulsion and investigate its amplified immune response.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The formulation of ginseng saponins-based nanoemulsion was optimized via the range of nanoemulsion zone in phase diagrams and the solubility of ginseng saponins. Its physicochemical properties were investigated, including morphology, particle size distribution, pH, viscosity and stability. Ginseng saponins-based nanoemulsion as adjuvant was co-administrated with a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. Two weeks after the boosting, the serum levels of OVA-specific antibody and its isotypes were determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimized ginseng saponins-based nanoemulsion formulation consisted of ginseng saponins, IPM, Cremophor RH 40, glycerol and water (with the weight ratio of 2 : 4 : 17.8 : 17.8 : 58.4), which was a light yellow fluid. The shape of droplets was spherical under transmission electron microscopy with an average diameter of 72.20 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.052. The viscosity and pH value of it were 4.20 s and 6.02, respectively. And it showed good stability. When co-administered with OVA, no obvious side effects were observed in the mice immunized with ginseng saponin-based nanoemulsion. The serum levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody in the group of ginseng saponin-based nanoemulsion immunized mice was significantly increased compared to the groups of OVA and the saline solution of ginseng saponin. Compared with the adjuvant aluminium hydroxide, the serum levels of IgG and IgG1 antibodys in the groups of ginseng saponins-based nanoemulsion had no significant difference, but the level of IgG2a was obviously higher.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ginseng saponin-based nanoemulsion could amplify the Th1 and Th2 immune responses, and can be used as the vaccine adjuvant.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Emulsions , Chemistry , Immune System Phenomena , Immunoglobulin G , Blood , Allergy and Immunology , Mice, Inbred ICR , Panax , Chemistry , Allergy and Immunology , Particle Size , Random Allocation , Saponins , Chemistry , Allergy and Immunology , Th1 Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Th2 Cells , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare effects of vinblastine (VLB) nanoparticles (NPS) and VLB physiologic saline solution on inhibiting glioma cell lines C6 growth and inducting its apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Glioma cell lines C6 were respectively treated with 500 micro x L(-1) VLB NPS and VLB physiologic saline solution for 7 days. Amount of cells were counted by blood cell counting chamber. Glioma C6 growth curve was draw according to cells amount. Clone formation rate of glioma C6 was detected after 500 microg x L(-1) VLB NPS and VLB physiologic saline solution incubation for 2 weeks. In addition, the whole morphology of glioma C6 were observed by inverted microscope and inverted fluorescence microscope after 500 microg x L(-1) VLB NPS and VLB physiologic saline solution incubation for 48 h.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Entrapment of VLB in NPS may significantly inhibit glioma cells C6 growth from 2 to 7 days compared with VLB physiologic saline solution in the same dose (P < 0.05). Clone formation rate of glioma C6 in VLB physiologic saline solution group is 1. 3 times better than VLB NPS. The difference between VLB NPS and VLB physiologic saline solution is significant (P < 0.05). Results of morphology change indicated glioma cells C6 with the VLB NPS treatment were intermediate or end stage, missed structure integrality. Amount of cells was distinctly decreased, and apoptosis cells number was apparently increased compared with VLB physiologic saline solution group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VLB NPS have stronger cytotoxicity to glioma cells line C6 compared with VLB physiologic saline solution in the same dose. NPS may be effective as promising carrier for the transport of VLB into the glioma cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Glioma , Drug Therapy , Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Vinblastine , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To study the preparation of Fructus perrillae oil nanoemulsion and its quality evaluation. Methods The formulations of Fructus Perrillae oil nanoemulsion were optimized by drawing the pseudoternary phase diagrams and investigating the form, viscosity, particle size distribution, stability, conductance, and refractiratio. Results The optimal formulation was composed of wheat oil and cremophor RH40, electron microscopy presented Fructus Perrillae oil nanoemulsion as small spherical drops, viscosity was (5.49?0.02)/mm2?s-1, conductance was 316/ms-1, refractiratio was (1.124?0.002 50), and mean diameter of particle was (50.3?1.1) nm.The average recovery determined by GC was 98.9%, its mean RSD was 0.88%. Conclusion The solubility and stability of Fructus Perrillae oil are promoted by nanoemulsion with better produncibility. It is a favorable medical matrix.
ABSTRACT
Objective To prepare berberine hydrochloric nanoemulsion and study its physicochemical characteristics of nanoemulsion.Methods The nanoemulsion components of isopropyl myristate(IPM),EL40,and glycerin were selected.Berberine hydrochloric nanoemulsion was prepared with pseudoternary phase diagrams.Taking centrifuge tests(13 000 r/min,30 min) and the average diameter as evaluation indexes of nanoemulsion,the content of berberine hydrochloric in nanoemulsion was determined through HPLC.The basic physicochemical characteristics including viscosity,electric conductivity,refraction,zeta-potentral,and particle diameter were studied.And also the stability of nanoemulsion was studied under the conditions of high humid(92.5%),high temperature(40 ℃ and 60 ℃),and strong light [(4 500?500) lx].Results Prepared nanoemulsion was a kind of clarity and transparent solution and it presented as small spherical drops under election microscopy,with the average diameter of about 56.8 nm.Its nanoemulsion for oral application was stable.And also their content and diameter had no distinct change under the above-mentioned conditions.Conclusion The berberine hydrochloric nanoemulsion is good drug delivery system with quality stability.